Is it permissible to swear by (Allah "The Living")?
Yes, it is permissible because "The Living" is one of Allah`s Attributes.
Is it permissible for a woman who is in her confinement to fast upon seeing blood signs that are neither black, nor red ?
Brownish, reddish, and yellowish discharges are all considered confinement until there is no colored discharge which marks the end of confinement. Moreover, the aforesaid woman is prohibited from fasting until she attains ritual purity. And Allah Knows Best.
When is Istikharah (guidance prayer) Du`a offered, before Tasleem (saying asalamu alikum warahmatu allah wa barakatuh to end the prayer), or after it?
It is offered after Tasleem.
Should vowed fast be offered in consecutive days, or not?
Vowed fast should be offered in line with what was originally intended by the vow-maker, either consecutively, or not.
