Is it permissible for a menopausal woman who has blood discharges to fast?
If she reached the age of menopause, and her menses stopped, but later she saw blood discharges that lasted a complete day and night (24) hours, then it is menstrual blood. Still, if these blood discharges lasted less than a complete day and night (24) hours, then it is not menstrual blood, but it is bleeding outside the monthly period (Istihadah), and it does not prevent her from prayer and fast, but she has to make ablution for every prayer.
Is it permissible for a husband to sell his wife`s jewelry if he was in a hard up?
A woman`s jewelry and dowry are her own property, and it is forbidden for the husband to take either without obtaining her approval. However, it is desirable for the wife to support her husband through considering her jewelry a sort of documented debt on him.
Is it permissible for a mother to stop her daughter from marrying a respectable, God-fearing young man because he isn't college/university graduate?
It is impermissible to deny a woman her right in getting married except for a lawful reason, and problems can be solved through dialogue. However, she can file a suit in order for the judge to have a say in that regard.
Is it permissible to fast on behalf of the dead who died owing missed fast to make up?
His relative should fast on his behalf, and it is permissible for the guardians to give permission to non-relatives of the dead to fast on his behalf as well. And Allah Knows Best.