Is Zakah due on the orphan`s money?
Yes, Zakah is due on the money of the orphan.
Is wearing a cap permissible for boys, or girls?
All Perfect Praise is due to Allah, The Lord of The Worlds.
In principle, anything is permissible sol long as there is no Sharia evidence prohibiting it, thus wearing the cap by boys is permissible as long as it isn`t done in imitation of the disbelievers. Moreover, a Muslim woman should avoid all that which attracts the attention of men because whatever leads to the forbidden is forbidden. And Allah Knows Best.
I work in a government institution that gives an additional three dinars per hour I work. The manager combines students into a single session because attendance is low, and the material taught to all groups is the same. I am paid for two hours, although I actually taught only one session, noting that my transportation costs one and a half dinars. What is the ruling?
The only amount you are permitted to take/have is for one hour work. And Allah Knows Best.
I have 490 shares in a commercial company, and they have been held for a year. The price of each share is one dinar, noting that the shares are at a loss. I want to know the amount of zakat due on them?
Commercial shares are subject to zakat based on their current market value, even if they are at a loss. The zakat rate is 2.5%. And Allah Knows Best.