What is the ruling on someone who eats or drinks thinking that the sun has set, then realizes that it has not yet set?
Whoever eats or drinks believing that the sun has set, then later discovers that it has not yet set, their fast is invalid, and they must make up that day after Ramadan. It is not permissible to break the fast before confirming sunset—either by seeing it, through personal reasoning, or by relying on the statement of someone trustworthy in their religious commitment.
Is it permissible for one who sacrifices on behalf of another, with the latter's permission, to eat from the sacrifice?
Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our Master, the Messenger of Allah.
It is permissible for one who sacrifices on behalf of another with his permission to eat from the sacrifice with his permission, and he takes his place in distributing its meat.
It is stated in Hashiyat al-Jamal 'ala Sharh al-Minhaj (Vol.5/P.262): 'If a person sacrifices on behalf of a living individual with his permission, does he take the place of that individual in distributing the meat, because permission for the sacrifice implies permission for distribution, or does it depend on explicit permission? There is room for consideration, but the former view is not far-fetched.' And Allah Almighty knows best."
What advice do you have for those who spend their nights and days of Ramadan watching TV?
Time is too precious to be wasted on entertainment, let alone in the blessed month of Ramadan, where a Muslim should strive for reward and forgiveness.
What is the ruling on a person in a state of major impurity (junub) or a menstruating woman (ha'id) reciting the Quran from memory?
It is not permissible for a menstruating woman, a postpartum woman, or a person in a state of major impurity to recite anything from the Quran, whether from memory, from the Quran, from a phone, or a computer. It is also not permissible for them to touch the Quran, based on what was reported from Ali bin Abi Talib that the Prophet (peace be upon him) was not prevented from anything regarding the Quran except major impurity (janabah). (Reported by al-Tirmidhi who said it is a hasan sahih hadith). Menstruation and postpartum bleeding are analogous to major impurity (janabah) as they are all major impurities (hadath akbar).
For those mentioned, it is permissible to mention Allah and supplicate even with verses from the Quran, provided they do not intend them as recitation of the Quran, but intend them as remembrance (dhikr) or supplication (du'a). And Allah the Almighty knows best.
