Is it permissible for a mother to stop her daughter from marrying a respectable, God-fearing young man because he isn't college/university graduate?
It is impermissible to deny a woman her right in getting married except for a lawful reason, and problems can be solved through dialogue. However, she can file a suit in order for the judge to have a say in that regard.
Is it permissible for the woman who is observing Iddah after the death of her husband to exchange calls with her relatives and husband`s family call?
All perfect praise be to Allah the Lord of the Worlds. May His peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Mohammad and upon all his family and companions.
It is permissible for the woman who is observing Iddah* after death of husband to exchange calls with them; however, when she speaks to non-Mahrams , she shouldn`t be soft of speech and she should be straight to the point. This because Almighty Allah Says (What means): "O ye wives of the Prophet! Ye are not like any other women. If ye keep your duty (to Allah), then be not soft of speech, lest he in whose heart is a disease aspire (to you), but utter customary speech." [Al-Ahzaab/32]. And Allah The Almighty Knows Best.
[1] The iddah is a waiting period that a Muslim woman observes after the death of her husband or after a divorce. The Quran says: For those men who die amongst you and leave behind wives, they (the wives) must confine themselves (spend iddah) for four months and ten days.
Islamic creed is a comprehensive creed, and if there is any defect, the creed of the individual or group is not correct. Is the creed of the Sufis correct or not?
Sufism is the practice of applying knowledge; this is how Al-Imam Al-Sha'rani defined it. If some among them have deviations in creed, it is not permissible to generalize this to all Sufis, as there are those among them who are acknowledged by all scholars for their knowledge and virtue. And Allah The Almighty Knows Best.
Is it permissible for one to give the Zakah (obligatory charity) to his indebted brother?
It is permissible for one to give the Zakah to his brother if he was indebted, or poor.