Sometimes I receive a message containing a picture of someone desecrating the Noble Quran. The sender asks recipients to send that message to their contacts as an act of defending the Quran. What should I do when receiving such messages?
Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds.
You don`t have to circulate that message, because this isn`t the proper way to defend the Quran. And Allah The Almighty Knows Best.
Is it permissible to make up missed prayers at the times in which praying is disliked?
All perfect praise be to Allah,The Lord of The Worlds It is permissible to make up missed prayers at any time even that in which praying is disliked. Absolute supererogatory prayer is forbidden to be performed at the times in which praying is disliked, and this also applies to Ihram and Istikhara prayers. However, there is no harm in offering prayers in Mekah during those times. And Allah Knows Best.
Is Iddah (waiting period) incumbent on an old woman whose husband had died?
Upon the death of the husband, Iddah is incumbent on the wife regardless of their age. And Allah Knows Best.
I am an author, and I have books stored with me. Is it permissible to pay my zakat in the form of books containing beneficial knowledge for poor students, such as chemistry and mathematics, or religious books that spread Islamic sciences?
Zakat on wealth must be paid in cash from the wealth itself. Therefore, you should pay your zakat in monetary form so that the poor can purchase what they need. And Allah Knows Best.