Is it permissible for a woman who is observing `Iddah (waiting period) due to the death of her husband to travel for performing Umrah (Minor Hajj)?
A woman observing `Iddah of a revocable (Rajee`) divorce isn`t allowed to travel for Umrah except with the consent of her husband.
A person is sponsoring an orphan and pays the sponsorship monthly. Is it permissible to pay this month's sponsorship from zakat money?
It is permissible to pay the orphan's sponsorship from zakat money if the orphan is poor and has no one to support them. The person must intend to count it as part of their zakat when paying the money. And Allah Knows Best.
What is the ruling on the unification of Adhan?
All perfect praise be to AllahThe Lord of The Worlds, and may His peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad and upon all of his family and companions. The unified Adhan is an act of Sunnah performed on behalf of a city's population. In addition, any Masjid that doesn’t have a Mua'than (The person who calls for prayers) and doesn`t raise the Adhan misses the reward of this great act. This is because Adhan should be raised for every group of people. However, the unified Adhan should be called in one Masjid and heard through all other Masjids. And Allah Knows Best.
Is it permissible to listen to chants praising the Prophet if accompanied by musical instruments?
If singing, or chanting in praise of the Prophet was accompanied by a forbidden musical instrument, then it is forbidden.