What is the expiation for breaking fast due to being on a journey, or being sick, or being in a state of menstruation?
No expiation is due on the aforesaid categories, but they are obliged to make up for the missed fast. However, if any of them failed to do so while being able to, and the next Ramadhaan has come, then making up for those days is incumbent on him/her , and paying the ransom as well. And Allah Knows Best.
Is a woman`s prayer considered invalid if non-Mahrams (marriageable men) saw her offering it?
A woman`s prayer isn`t invalidated if non-Mahrams saw her offering it, but she had better pray in isolation.
Should water be put in the deceased`s mouth and nose while washing him/her?
Putting water in the mouth and nose of the deceased while washing him is impermissible.
Should vowed fast be offered in consecutive days, or not?
Vowed fast should be offered in line with what was originally intended by the vow-maker, either consecutively, or not.