What is the ruling on a person who broke the fast a day in Ramadan due to hardship?
He/she is obliged to make up that day.
A man cursed Allah, is he allowed to perform prayer without making Ghusl?
All perfect praise be to Allah the Lord of the Worlds. May Allah`s peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Mohammad and upon all his family and companions.
Cursing Allah is an act of apostasy and one who commits it must utter the testimonies of faith, make repentance, take back wife; however, it isn`t conditioned that he makes Ghusl (Full body ritual purification) to pray. And Allah The Almighty Knows Best.
Is it permissible to listen to chants praising the Prophet if accompanied by musical instruments?
If singing, or chanting in praise of the Prophet was accompanied by a forbidden musical instrument, then it is forbidden.
Is it permissible for a Muslim to escort his deceased disbelieving relative to his final resting place?
It is permissible provided that he doesn`t walk behind non-Islamic symbols, rather he should walk in front of them.