What type of illness that permits breaking the fast in Ramadan?
It is an illness that, if one fasts, there is a fear it may lead to their death or cause unbearable hardship.
What is the ruling on someone who insults or deceives others while fasting?
Insulting or deceiving others is forbidden (haram) and diminishes the reward of fasting.
The Prophet ﷺ warned against deception, saying: "Whoever deceives is not one of us." [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi]
However, their fast remains valid despite the sin.
Is it permissible for one to shake hands with his uncle`s daughter?
No, it isn`t because he is a non-Mahram (Marriageable) to her.
Does the clipping of nails nullify ablution?
No, it does not, and it is preferable to wash the hands afterwards.