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Reverence for the Fatwa is Reverence for Allah: The General Mufti
Author : Dr Noah Ali Salman
Date Added : 31-07-2024

 

Mr. Sameer Jannakat wrote an article in the "Al-Rai" newspaper on August 26, 2009, expressing his astonishment at the fatwa issued in an Arab country allowing athletes to break their fast. He humorously praised the General Iftaa' Department in Jordan for carefully verifying the questioner, the question, and the answer, and for dealing with the matter with the required seriousness, ensuring that no misinterpretations or incorrect interpretations occur.

We thank Mr. Sameer for his praise and commendation of the Department. We believe that no student of knowledge should approach fatwas except in this manner, which demonstrates an understanding of their importance and value. Since the mufti conveys and signs on behalf of God, as the scholars have said, the matter must be approached with the utmost seriousness. What would you say about someone who signs on behalf of an important state official if they handle the subjects they sign off on in any other way? Allah, the Exalted, the Glorious, is greater and more magnificent than all greats.

Negligence in issuing fatwas has led some people to take fatwas lightly, and the word "fatwa" has come to mean a legal loophole or circumventing Sharia rulings. However, a fatwa is the ruling of Allah on the subject being asked about. Some people have come to believe that a fatwa is something that provides leniency for people, while anyone can impose strictness.

Those who say this do not realize that its meaning is different from what people intend. The point is that if a mufti declares something to be forbidden, they should provide a lawful alternative. This is the principle of Islamic legislation as a whole. Whenever something is prohibited, a lawful alternative is provided. For example, while Riba/usury is prohibited, Islamic law permits profit-sharing, partnerships, and loans when necessary. This principle applies to other Sharia rulings as well.

Today, the Islamic scene is filled with numerous fatwas that sometimes contradict each other and confuse Muslims. While this reflects the engagement in the Islamic arena as a sign of Islamic awakening, it also has a negative impact on the general Muslim public and those whose hearts are being won over. Some argue that the confusion leads them to turn away from religion entirely, which is an irrational response. Disagreements are old and are a sign of the vitality of Islamic law, but these disagreements are resolved through one of two ways:

The first approach: If the ruler adopts a particular legal ruling, then everyone should adhere to it. This is why it is said that the ruling of the judge resolves disputes.

The second approach: Muslims should seek guidance from knowledgeable and reputable scholars known for their wisdom and deliberation, and disregard others. This is based on the Quranic injunction (What means): "Ask the people of knowledge if you do not know" [An-Nahl/43] and He, The Exalted Said (What means): "If only they had referred it to the Messenger and to those in authority among them, they would have known it" [An-Nisa /83]. In such cases, one should not be concerned with other opinions or pay them any attention.

The minimum level of handling religious issues should be the same as handling medical issues. Just as one would not accept treatment from anyone who merely claims to be a doctor, but would rather verify and seek out a reputable expert, so too should one approach religious matters with the same level of scrutiny and care.

Those who seek fame through issuing unusual and errant fatwas should remember The Words of Allah (What means): "Their testimony will be recorded, and they will be questioned." [Az-Zukhruf/19] as well as, He The Almighty Says (What means): "On the Day of Resurrection, you will see those who lied against Allah with their faces blackened. Is there not in Hell a residence for the arrogant?" [Az-Zumar/60].

In addition, those who are lenient with issuing fatwas to please or win favor with people should be reminded of Allah's Words (What means): "And you have come to Us alone, just as We created you the first time." [Al-An'am/94]. Further, He, The Exalted, Says (What means): "Indeed, they will not avail you against Allah." [Al-Jathiya/19].

These verses should make scholars wary and even fearful of issuing fatwas, lest they slip and fall into the Fire. This is why many scholars of the past and present refrained from issuing fatwas unless urgent, seeking Allah's help and guidance, and repeating His (Almighty Allah) Words (What means): "You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help. Guide us to the Straight Path." [Al-Fatiha/5-6].

Moreover, we extend our thanks to Mr. Samir, and to Mr. Khalid Al-Qudat, whom Mr. Samir mentions as saying that "we gave him hard times before issuing a fatwa." In reality, we were keen on his safety and our own before Almighty Allah as this is a matter of concern for the religion of the questioner and the hereafter of the party in charge of issuing fatwas. May Allah guide whom He Wills to the Straight Path.

 

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Summarized Fatawaa

What is the ruling on a woman who takes medication to delay menstruation for fasting?

If a woman takes medication (to delay menstrual period) and does not experience menstruation, her fast is valid. However, she is not advised to do so unless there is a necessity.
If the medication harms her, even potentially, it is forbidden (haram) for her to take it.

What is the ruling of Islamic Law on making up missed voluntary prayers?

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
It is recommended for a Muslim to make up any missed voluntary prayers — whether the regular Sunnah prayers (rawātib), the witr prayer, or his personal devotional routine (wird). As for voluntary prayers that are tied to a specific cause or occasion — such as the eclipse prayers (kusūf and khusūf) — these are not made up once their time has passed.
Shaykh al-Islām Imām al-Nawawī, may Allah have mercy upon him, stated: "The correct view in our school is that making up the regular voluntary prayers is recommended." [Al-Majmūʿ, Vol. 4/P.43] And Allah the Almighty knows best.

What is the ruling on someone who possesses gold with the intention of saving/hoarding it, and owns nothing else — is he obligated to sell a portion of it in order to pay the zakāh due on it?

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
Zakāh becomes immediately obligatory on cash, and likewise on gold — that which is not designated for a woman's personal adornment— once both reach the niṣāb (minimum threshold liable for zakah) and a full ḥawl (lunar year) has passed over them. It is not permissible to delay payment when it is genuinely possible to pay — meaning, when the wealth and the eligible recipients are both available. It is stated in Mughnī al-Muḥtāj (Vol.2/p.129): "Zakāh is obligatory immediately once it becomes feasible to pay it, meaning when the wealth and the eligible recipients are both present."
The one paying zakāh must discharge the obligatory zakāh due on saved (hoarded) gold either from the gold itself, or from its equivalent monetary value, in the event that no other funds are available — since paying from the gold itself is the original default (al-aṣl). It becomes permissible to pay from other funds instead only because zakāh is built upon the principle of ease and leniency, as stated in Asnā al-Maṭālib (Vol.1/p.366): "When a full ḥawl has elapsed on wealth other than trade goods... zakāh attaches to the actual asset itself (al-‘ayn), and the poor effectively become partners in it — even, for example, [becoming partners] in camels through the value of a sheep [owed as zakāh on them]... Paying from other wealth is permitted only because zakāh is built upon the principle of ease and leniency."
Accordingly: the one paying zakāh must discharge it either from the actual saved gold itself, or by selling a portion of the gold equal to the amount of zakāh owed. He may also borrow money to pay the zakāh, or pay the zakāh in installments before the ḥawl is complete [as an advance payment]. And Allah, the Exalted, knows best.

My father has debts and asked me to repay them years ago, and I promised him I would do so upon his death — is it permissible for me to go back on my promise given that I am unable to repay them, especially since he refuses to contribute to repayment on the grounds that the debt has become my responsibility by virtue of my promise?

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
The established principle is that a father's debt is to be repaid from his own wealth, if he possesses sufficient means. As for the promise made by the son to repay it on his father's behalf, fulfilling such a promise is strongly recommended, and breaking it is considerably disliked. Shaykh al-Islām Imām al-Nawawī, may Allah have mercy upon him, states: "Fulfilling a promise is emphatically recommended, and breaking it is severely disliked. The evidences for this from the Qurʾān and the Sunnah are well known." [Rawḍat al-Ṭālibīn,Vol. 2/P.278] Shaykh al-Islām Imām Zakariyyā al-Anṣārī, may Allah have mercy upon him, further states: "The reason fulfilling a promise is not obligatory and breaking it is not forbidden is that a promise is in the nature of a gift, and a gift does not become binding except upon receipt." [Asnā al-Maṭālib fī Sharḥ Rawḍ al-Ṭālib,Vol. 2/P.487]
Given that the son does not possess the financial means to fulfil his promise to his father, breaking this promise falls beyond his capacity — and Allah does not burden a soul beyond what it can bear. Since the father himself possesses sufficient wealth to settle his own debt, repayment must be made from his own funds. Should he pass away before doing so, the debt is to be settled from his estate. And Allah the Almighty knows best.