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The Prophet's Migration (Hijrah)... Building the Muslim Nation and Shaping its History
Author : Secretary General Dr. Zaid Al-Kilani
Date Added : 09-07-2024

The Prophet's Migration (Hijrah)... Building the Muslim Nation and Shaping its History

All perfect praise be to Allah the Lord of the Worlds. May His peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Mohammad and upon all his family and companions.

The Noble Migration is a journey of nation building, transitioning from weakness to strength, fear to security, and fragmentation to unity... It is a journey of constructing a nation chosen by Allah to alter the course of history, led by the greatest leader in history and the best prophet in existence, peace and blessings be upon him, his family, and all his companions.

The Noble Migration signifies the birth of a resilient nation destined to lead the world in a few short years, guided by men devoted to Allah and dedicated to building their homeland and achieving its glory. The companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) understood these profound meanings, marking the beginning of their nation's history. With these lofty meanings, the honorable migration teaches us to trust in Allah's promise to His sincere servants, knowing that He fulfills His promise and completes His light. It is a promise for our people in Palestine that their patience and steadfastness will ultimately be rewarded with victory by the permission of Allah. The journey was a departure for the sake of return, but it symbolizes the return of the victorious, triumphant liberators. The migration serves as a lesson for us to uphold the strength and resilience of our Jordan, and to stand united against any threat that may confront us.

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) guided us that one of the most important objectives of migration is to build a strong homeland and establish a state with effective institutions. Building a strong nation begins with the establishment of active institutions that uphold the aspirations of the country, foresee its future, and fulfill the ambitions of its people. Upon his arrival in Medina, the Prophet (peace be upon him) built the mosque, which became the center for nurturing pillars of faith, shaping religious identity, education, communication, judiciary, consultation, opinion, and governance. He built the mosque to house these effective institutions that organize society in accordance with its uplifting values and objectives.

As we learn from the noble migration of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), one of the pillars of a strong resilient nation is to have a strong independent economy. This serves as a fortress against any interference, by adversaries, in the nation`s political will or cultural identity. Therefore, one of the Prophet's first actions upon arriving in Medina was to establish an independent market for Muslims, breaking the monopoly held by the Jews over trade and wealth. They had sought to control the economic sphere to sow discord and animosity among different societal groups, enabling their own dominance.

Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) formulated the document that can be described in contemporary terms as a constitution, outlining the rights and duties of the state and individuals, including protection and preservation. It clarified the meanings of citizenship and emphasized the necessity of the rule of law.

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) established brotherhood between the Muhajireen (The first inhabitants of Mecca to accept Islam) and the Ansar (The first inhabitants of Medina to accept Islam) to replace the tribal values of negative boasting about ancestors and tribes that Arabs used to practice in the pre-Islamic era.

To resolve the issues of division within the Muslim community, based on the principle from ThHoly Quran, it states (What means): "The believing men and believing women are allies of one another" [At-Tawbah/71], and the same applies on Quranic motto, which states (What means): "Verily, the believers are brothers" [Al-Hujurat/10], in accordance with Allah's Command that reads (What means): "hold firmly to the rope of Allah all together and do not become divided" [Al-Imran/103], the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) established these values and principles as the foundation of the Muslim society. This spirit permeated the institutions of the state founded by the Prophet (peace be upon him), leading to cultural and societal advancement within the Islamic community.

Allah the Almighty immortalized the incident of brotherhood in the Quran to serve as a lasting testimony to this crucial foundation of human civilization. Whereas He, The Exalted, Says (What means): "And [also for] those who were settled in the Home [i.e., Medina] and [adopted] the faith before them. They love those who emigrated to them and find not any want in their breasts of what the emigrants were given but give [them] preference over themselves, even though they are in privation. And whoever is protected from the stinginess of his soul, it is those who will be the successful." [Al-Hashr/9].

In conclusion, we ask Allah the Almighty to make this new Hijri year a year of goodness and blessings for our blessed country and for the leader of the Hashemite family, His Majesty King Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein, may Allah protect and preserve him.

 

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Summarized Fatawaa

What are the conditions for a valid Udhiyah?

Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah.
 
First: The age of the animal must meet the Sharia requirements. These requirements vary depending on the type of sacrifice:
 
Camels: Must have completed five years and entered their sixth.
 
Cows: Must have completed two years and entered their third.
 
Goats: Must have completed two years and entered their third. As for Sheep, they must have completed one year and entered their second.
 
Some scholars have permitted goats that have completed one year and entered their second.
 
The Hanafi school, along with an opinion in the Maliki school, permits sacrificing sheep that are at least six months old, provided they are healthy and physically substantial. According to the Shafi’i school, it is permissible if the sheep sheds its front teeth (ajdha') before reaching one year [Al-Iqna’, by Al-Shirbini (Vol.2/P.588)].
 
Second: Soundness and freedom from defects. The animal must be free from any defect that causes a decrease in its meat or market value. This is based on the hadith narrated by Al-Bara' bin 'Azib, that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
 
"Four [defects] are not permissible in sacrifices: A one-eyed animal whose blindness is evident, a sick animal whose illness is evident, a lame animal whose lameness is evident, and an emaciated animal that has no marrow in its bones." [Reported by Abu Dawood and Al-Tirmidhi, who graded it as authentic].
 
These defects are detailed as follows:
 
Evident Lameness: It is not permissible to sacrifice a lame animal if the lameness is severe enough to prevent it from walking to the pasture or seeking food, as this leads to a decrease in its meat. However, slight lameness that does not hinder its grazing is overlooked.
 
Evident Blindness (One-eyed): It is not permissible to sacrifice a sheep, cow, or camel that has a white film over its eye blocking light, or one that has lost an eye entirely. Weak vision that does not affect its ability to eat does not prevent the sacrifice from being valid.
 
Evident Illness: An animal with a clear sickness that prevents it from eating or moving is not valid. This includes severe mange (Jarab) that spoils the meat.
 
Extreme Emaciation: An animal so thin that there is no marrow left in its bones is invalid. The standard for emaciation that invalidates the sacrifice is that which spoils the quality of the meat to the point that people would find it undesirable even in times of plenty.
 
Additional Considerations:
These are the defects mentioned in the Prophetic tradition, and any defect that causes emaciation or reduces the meat or value is compared to them by analogy. This includes animals that are mentally unstable (diseased), those with mange, or those with a missing ear. In contrast, a slit or pierced ear does not affect the validity of the sacrifice. And Allah the Almighty knows best.

What is the ruling on swallowing phlegm while fasting?

If a fasting person intentionally swallows phlegm, their fast is invalid, as it is possible to avoid it.
However, if they swallow it unintentionally, their fast remains valid.
Phlegm is impure and should be avoided.

What is the ruling on a Friday sermon in which the khaṭīb did not explicitly exhort the congregation to be conscious of Allah (taqwā) in both sermons, but sufficed with commanding them to obey Allah and refrain from disobeying Him?

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
For the Friday sermon (khuṭbat al-Jumʿah) to be valid, certain essential pillars (arkān) must be fulfilled. Among these is the exhortation to be conscious of Allah (waṣiyyah bi-taqwā Allāh), which must be present in both sermons. Alongside this pillar, the praising of Allah (ḥamdallah) and the sending of blessings upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ are equally required.
Shaykh al-Islām Imām Ibn Ḥajar al-Haytamī, may Allah have mercy upon him, states: "These three are pillars in each of the two sermons, because each sermon is independent and separate from the other." [Tuḥfat al-Muḥtāj,Vol.4/P.447]
It is not a condition that the exhortation be expressed in any specific wording, nor is it required that the word "taqwā" itself be used — such as saying "I exhort you to be conscious of Allah." Rather, this pillar is fulfilled by any expression that contains a command to obey Allah the Almighty and to abstain from what He has prohibited.
Imām al-Khaṭīb al-Sharbīnī, may Allah have mercy upon him, states: "The third pillar is the exhortation to taqwā... The specific wording of this exhortation is not required, according to the most correct view, because the purpose is admonition and the urging of obedience to Allah the Almighty. Therefore, any expression that conveys admonition suffices — whether long or short — such as: 'Obey Allah and be ever mindful of Him.'" [Mughnī al-Muḥtāj,Vol.1/P.550]
Accordingly, what the khaṭīb has done — by commanding obedience to Allah and forbidding disobedience to Him in both sermons — is valid and sufficient. And Allah the Almighty knows best.

When does the time for Udhiyah begin?

 
In the Name of Allah, and may peace and blessings be upon our Master, the Messenger of Allah.
 
The permissible timeframe for Udhiyah (sacrificial offering) begins on the day of Eid al-Adha—the 10th of Dhul-Hijjah—once the sun has risen and a period of time sufficient to perform two brief prayer units (Rak'ahs) and two short sermons (Khutbahs) has passed. This window remains open until the sun sets on the final day of Tashreeq, which is the 13th of Dhul-Hijjah.
 
Our Master, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), said: "Every valley of Mina is a place of sacrifice, and slaughtering may be done throughout all the days of Tashreeq." (Narrated by Al-Bayhaqi and Ibn Hibban)
 
The days of Tashreeq refer to the 11th, 12th, and 13th of Dhul-Hijjah.
 
The most virtuous time to perform the sacrifice is immediately after concluding the Eid prayer, based on the statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "The first thing we do on this day of ours is to pray, then we return and offer our sacrifice. Whoever does that has acted in accordance with our Sunnah (tradition), and whoever slaughters before that, it is merely meat he has provided for his family; it has nothing to do with the ritual sacrifice." (Reported by Al-Bukhari and Muslim)
 
What is meant here is an estimation of time rather than the actual performance of the prayer itself, as our Master, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), used to offer the Eid al-Adha prayer immediately after sunrise.
 
The sacrifice is valid if performed at any time during these designated days, whether by day or by night, though slaughtering at night is considered disliked (Makruh). And Allah the Almighty Knows Best.

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