Is it permissible for a man to wear transparent clothing?
It is not permissible for a man to wear transparent clothing that reveals his 'Awrah (the area that must be covered). The 'Awrah of a man is "from his navel to his knees", and modesty is more prudent. And Allah Knows Best.
Is it permissible to combine and shorten prayers at home before traveling?
It is impermissible to combine and shorten prayers at home before traveling because a person is called a traveler once he/she departs the borders of his/her country, and offering prayer that way was originally intended to exempt a traveler. And Allah Knows Best.
Is it permissible for the man to go out wearing shorts?
All Perfect Praise is due to Allah, The Lord of The Worlds
It is permissible so long as his Awrah (private part), which is between his navel and knee, is covered. However, the regular wear traditions and modesty are to be observed. And Allah Knows Best
Is photography forbidden, such as photographs of children?
All perfect praise be to Allah the Lord of the Worlds. May Allah`s peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Mohammad and upon all his family and companions.
If there is a need for taking photographs of children or adults, then this is allowed. However, taking photographs of women shouldn`t be tolerated. Rather, they must be taken while wearing Hijab and must be kept in safe hands. And Allah The Almighty Knows Best.