Articles

Some Flaws of Religious Discourse in Mass Media
Author : Dr. Hassan Abu_Arqoub
Date Added : 11-10-2022

Some Flaws of Religious Discourse in Mass Media

 

Religious discourse is one of the most widespread discourses in mass media and aims to acquaint believers and others with the teachings of Islam to be a methodology for the believers and an invitation for the non-believers.

The follower of religious discourse hardly fails to notice a number of flaws that limit its actual success. This I say because this discourse may have succeeded in the sense that it has spread widely, but it lacks the true fruits desired from it. Some key flaws are:

 

First /Takfir and Tafsiq:

 

The proponents of this discourse consider themselves on the truth and whoever disagrees with them is an evil sinner who had gone astray. The amazing thing, here, is that they apply this to their fellow Muslims and about controversial issues. For example, tagging the Muslim who visited the grave of a saint as an apostate who went astray and abandoned the sound doctrine. Rather, whoever doesn`t consider such person an apostate is an apostate himself. This is extremely exclusive since it isn`t correct to judge someone`s belief in such a haphazard manner. First, we have to make sure that their belief is valid through dialogue. If they have done something wrong, we should teach them how to right that wrong. If they haven`t, then we may not agree with their view or not favor it. However, it is wrong to accuse them with innovation, deviating from the right path since this leads to introducing this exclusive culture in society, causes division, and afterwards yields terrorism, and extremism since, from their perspective, people are considered either apostates or misguided innovators.

 

Second/Fanaticism:

 

It is normal to have Madhabs (Schools of Islamic thought) along with the foundation of the religion. As for fanaticism, it is denounced in every time and place since it causes one to deviate from justice and equity, becomes magnanimous with his Madhab to the extent of recognizing no other, and thus impairs his mind and thought leading to freezing his reasoning and rejecting the other. Instead of using his time studying and seeking knowledge, a bigot engages in tracking the lapses of others and refuting their views. This is an endless cycle that increases enmity and hatred on steady basis, so the victims of fanatic discourse remain in the same cycle spreading the culture of hatred and rejection of the other throughout society yielding extremism and terrorism. Historically speaking, bigots have been practicing this for so long.

 

Third: Failure to distinguish between divine text and human Ijtihad (Independent reasoning), which is a serious drawback. This is because the divine text has its sanctity and respect and it isn`t permissible for the religious person to disagree with or ignore it for doing so renders his/her religiosity meaningless. As for Ijtihad in understanding a text, it remains a human effort that doesn`t enjoy the same sanctity although it is respected and appreciated. This human effort is amenable to give and take and disagreement since people perform acts of worship based on the injunctions of their Lord not fellow humans. Here, the problem lies in elevating the status of Ijtihad to the sanctity of the divine text, which bans minds from coming near or examining human Ijtihad although some may have better Ijtihad. 

 

Fourth/Being out of touch with reality:

 

This is noticed in some topics presented through the media. While most people are having hard times trying to survive, some presenters dwell on issues like the ruling on shaving beard or the obligation of having a Sutrah (An object used by a person performing Salah as a barrier between himself and one passing in front of him). These are examples of controversial issues for which one episode or book will not contribute to the renaissance of the Muslim nation. Rather, there is room for disagreement since they aren`t doctrinal issues testing someone`s faith.

 

Fifth/Employing myths and stories:

 

The divine religion is founded on divine text and it has to be delivered to the people. However, it can`t be conveyed through stories, myths and lies although these are sweet on the ear, numb the mind, and incite tears. Some advocates tell stories that have no origin nor chain of narrators and spread them amongst the people as divine text. They, for instance, would say that girl was paralyzed because she disobeyed her mother; that person got mad because he disobeyed his father; that person became poor because he didn`t make a donation to a certain party; that woman caught cancer because she didn`t wear Hijab, in addition to many other examples. The problem, here, is that these reinforce only the idea that Allah is there to punish His slaves, He isn`t merciful and doesn`t forgive sins and slips.

The above stated is the tip of the iceberg, but I wanted to quickly go over them as a reminder for my brothers and myself to avoid them as much as possible.

 

The published article reflects the opinion of its author

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Summarized Fatawaa

I vowed to give a specific charity if a certain matter came to pass — what is the ruling on giving that charity before the matter is realised?

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
Fulfilling a vow (nadhr) is obligatory, in accordance with the word of Allah the Almighty: "And let them fulfil their vows." [Al-Ḥajj/ 29] And the saying of our master the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: "Whoever vows to obey Allah, let him obey Him; and whoever vows to disobey Him, let him not disobey Him." (Reported by al-Bukhārī.)
The Shāfiʿī scholars distinguished between a financial vow (nadhr mālī) and a bodily vow (nadhr badanī). They permitted the fulfilment of a financial vow to be brought forward — before the stipulated condition is met — but did not permit the same for a bodily vow, which may only be fulfilled after the condition has actually been realised.
Shaykh al-Islām Imām Zakariyyā al-Anṣārī, may Allah have mercy upon him, states: "It is permissible to bring forward the fulfilment of a financial vow before the condition stipulated in it is met — such as saying: 'If I am healed, I vow to free a slave' or 'to give such-and-such in charity' — just as it is permissible to pay zakāh in advance. This is unlike a bodily vow, such as fasting." [Asnā al-Maṭālib, vol. 4/P.246]
Imām al-Bājūrī, may Allah have mercy upon him, states: "Like expiation other than fasting, a financial vow — such as saying: 'If Allah heals my sick one, I vow to free a slave for the sake of Allah,' or 'If Allah heals my sick one, I vow to free a slave on the Friday following the recovery' — it is permissible to bring it forward before the recovery in the first case, and before the Friday following the recovery in the second case." [Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā Sharḥ Ibn Qāsim, Vol.2/P.596] And Allah the Almighty knows best.

Must a person refrain from eating for the rest of the day if they break a fast of a vow (nadhr) or a make up fast (qada)?

 

Whoever observes a vowed fast (nadhr) or a makeup fast (qada) is prohibited from breaking it without a valid excuse. If they break it without a legitimate reason, they are sinful.
However, they are not required to refrain from eating for the rest of the day, because such restraint is only required out of respect for the month of Ramadan, not for other types of fasting.

Do pregnant and breastfeeding women have to fast?

Pregnant and breastfeeding women are required to fast. However, if fasting causes them harm or unusual hardship, they may break their fast but must make up for the missed days later.
If they break their fast solely out of fear for the fetus or the child, then they must both make up the fast and give fidyah (feeding a needy person for each missed day), as the benefit of breaking the fast was only for the child.

What is the ruling on a Friday sermon in which the khaṭīb did not explicitly exhort the congregation to be conscious of Allah (taqwā) in both sermons, but sufficed with commanding them to obey Allah and refrain from disobeying Him?

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
For the Friday sermon (khuṭbat al-Jumʿah) to be valid, certain essential pillars (arkān) must be fulfilled. Among these is the exhortation to be conscious of Allah (waṣiyyah bi-taqwā Allāh), which must be present in both sermons. Alongside this pillar, the praising of Allah (ḥamdallah) and the sending of blessings upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ are equally required.
Shaykh al-Islām Imām Ibn Ḥajar al-Haytamī, may Allah have mercy upon him, states: "These three are pillars in each of the two sermons, because each sermon is independent and separate from the other." [Tuḥfat al-Muḥtāj,Vol.4/P.447]
It is not a condition that the exhortation be expressed in any specific wording, nor is it required that the word "taqwā" itself be used — such as saying "I exhort you to be conscious of Allah." Rather, this pillar is fulfilled by any expression that contains a command to obey Allah the Almighty and to abstain from what He has prohibited.
Imām al-Khaṭīb al-Sharbīnī, may Allah have mercy upon him, states: "The third pillar is the exhortation to taqwā... The specific wording of this exhortation is not required, according to the most correct view, because the purpose is admonition and the urging of obedience to Allah the Almighty. Therefore, any expression that conveys admonition suffices — whether long or short — such as: 'Obey Allah and be ever mindful of Him.'" [Mughnī al-Muḥtāj,Vol.1/P.550]
Accordingly, what the khaṭīb has done — by commanding obedience to Allah and forbidding disobedience to Him in both sermons — is valid and sufficient. And Allah the Almighty knows best.