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Glimpses on the Birth of Brightness
Author : An Article by the Secretary General Dr. Ahmad Al-Hassanat
Date Added : 19-11-2018

Glimpses on the Birth of Brightness

 

Allah, The Almighty has ordained sending Prophets and Messengers for all mankind to lead them to the righteous path where He, The Almighty, Said (What means): "Apostles who gave good news as well as warning, that mankind, after (the coming) of the apostles, should have no plea against God: For God is Exalted in Power, Wise." [An-Nisa/165]. He, The Exalted, also Said (What means): "nor would We visit with Our Wrath until We had sent an apostle (to give warning). [Al-Isra'/15].

 

Moreover, those Prophets (PBUT) are the best of the best when it comes to manners or shapes, and this enables them to keep up with the noble task entrusted to them and that is calling people to the way of Allah, The Exalted.

In addition, Allah sent to every nation a Prophet of their own in order for them to accept and understand his message easily. However, the end of that Prophet`s message and life were inseparable.

Therefore, a continuous message to the end of days(Judgment day) was a pressing need; thus Allah chose for this great message a great man who had favors upon all Prophets to the end of days; Mohammad Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abdulmattalib Ibn Hashim Ibn Abdmanaf  whose lineage extends to Prophet Ismaiel (PBUT).

The period of sending Prophets to people/nations was somehow specified, but the period before the birth of the Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) till the beginning of his message was the longest compared to other Prophets. Allah, The Exalted, used to send one Prophet after the other and, sometimes, more than one were sent at the same time and He, The Almighty, has never took a Prophet's soul without replacing him with another one.

Further, during the long period before sending Prophet Mohammad (PBUH), humanity has encountered many negative aspects namely intellectual, religious and behavioral corruption. As a result, injustice, classism and the breaking of kinship ties have prevailed, in addition to the fact that humanity was lacking in societies.

Therefore, Allah sent His Prophet (PBUH) to correct humans` way of life, and be a safe haven to humankind by preventing injustice, putting an end to slavery, restoring the sense of humanity to people and revealing the divine mercy on his hands. Allah, The Most Exalted, Said (What means): We sent thee not, but as a Mercy for all creatures." [Al-Anbiya'/107].

The face of the world has changed when the Prophet (PBUH) was born. The throne of Anushirvan cracked, the Magians` fire extinguished and the lake of Sawa dived deeper. Amina, the mother of Prophet (PBUH), narrated: "When she was pregnant with him she dreamed that a great light came out of her and illuminated all the castles in Al-Sham." [Mosanaf Abdel-Razaq]. This shows that his reign is going to reach Al-Sham, so his birth was not a normal one; rather it was a sign for a nation's birth. Further, he (PBUH) was divinely raised and disciplined; he had neither a father, a mother nor a grandfather.

He (PBUH) was sent as a Seal of Prophets and a guidance to all mankind since Allah, Said (What means): "We have not sent thee but as a universal (Messenger) to men, giving them glad tidings, and warning them (against sin)." [Saba/28] and He, The Exalted, Said (What means): "but (he is) the Apostle of God, and the Seal of the Prophets." [Al-Ahzab/40].

Indeed, he had to be the Seal of all Prophets and Messengers since no other Prophet or Messenger had his shape or manners. His shape was perfect and his mercy has encompassed all creatures for Allah, The Most Exalted, Said (What means): "We sent thee not, but as a Mercy for all creatures." [Al-Anbiya/107] and He Said (What means):" to the Believers is he most kind and merciful." [Al-Tawbah/128]. 

Besides, he (PBUH) has transferred the Arab nation from the state of illiteracy to literacy by urging them to seek knowledge, castaway myths and use their minds. He made seeking knowledge incumbent upon every Muslim where He (PBUH) said (What means):" Seeking knowledge is a duty upon every Muslim." [Sunn Ibn Majah].This is because it is only through knowledge that societies could flourish and prosper.

Therefore, it is imperative that we adhere to good character as basis for our religion, since the Prophet (PBUH) said (What means): "I was sent to perfect good character." [Musanaf Ibn Shyiba]. In fact, nations will never be able to achieve prosperity, unless they abide by good character and seek knowledge.

Nowadays; Muslims are in desperate need to follow the teachings of the Prophet (PBUH) in dealing with others regardless of their cultural background and ways of thinking. This is because winning people's hearts and minds is far more important than conquering fortresses and castles.

In conclusion, we do need to follow the teachings of the Prophet (PBUH) in everything, since Allah, The Exalted (What means): "And know that among you is God’s Apostle." [Al-Hujurat/7]. Further, when Muslims celebrate his birth, they show gratitude to Allah, The Exalted, for His endless generosity that lies in choosing and allocating them to be the best to enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong. He, The Almighty, Said (What means): "In the bounty of God. And in His Mercy, - in that let them rejoice": that is better than the (wealth) they hoard." [Yunus/58].

 

 

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Summarized Fatawaa

What is the ruling of Islamic Law on a person who abandons prayer after reaching puberty—is he required to make them up?

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah.
 
Making up missed obligatory prayers is an Islamic duty just as performing them in their proper time is obligatory, and taking care of them takes precedence over performing voluntary prayers. This is established by the practice of our Supreme Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) when the polytheists distracted him on the Day of the Trench from performing the Asr prayer, so he made it up afterward, as well as the Hadith: "Pay Allah what is due to Him, for Allah is most deserving of fulfillment." (Recorded by Al-Bukhari)
 
Furthermore, it is valid to make up missed prayers at any time.
 
Whoever has missed a number of prayers and does not know their exact count, it is obligatory upon them to sincerely repent and exert their utmost effort to estimate their number. If they are unable to determine the exact count, they should base it on what is most probable according to their best judgment. They should then make them up gradually; if one performs one missed prayer alongside every current obligatory prayer, the matter becomes easy and manageable, and with the passage of time, one will complete what is owed, Allah willing. And Allah Almighty knows best.

What is the ruling on combining more than one intention in the prayer, such as combining the *sunnah* of wuḍūʾ with the pre-Dhuhr *sunnah*, or combining the *sunnah* of greeting the mosque (*taḥiyyat al-masjid*) with the pre-Dhuhr *sunnah*?

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah.
Combining two intentions in a single act of worship, which some jurists call the “overlapping of acts of worship”, has several cases and precise rules. These can be consulted in the books of legal maxims, such as al-Manthūr fī al-Qawāʿid al-Fiqhiyyah by al-Zarkashī and al-Ashbāh wa’l-Naẓāʾir by al-Suyūṭī. Among the most important of these rules:
First: If all of the acts of worship that one wishes to combine under one intention are obligatory, the intentions do not overlap. An example is combining the intention of the obligatory ʿAṣr prayer with that of the obligatory Dhuhr prayer. The intentions do not overlap in this case.
Second: If the two acts are specified supererogatory prayers (nawāfil muqayyadah) that are aimed at in themselves because of a particular time, occasion, or cause, or if they are an obligatory prayer and a specified supererogatory prayer, the intentions again do not overlap. An example is the Duha prayer, which may not be combined with, for instance, the regular sunnah of Dhuhr.
It is stated in Bushrā al-Karīm: “Whatever is not, in meaning, an absolute voluntary prayer, such as the Duha sunnah… is not subsumed under another. Rather, if he intends something else along with it… the prayer is not validly entered. This is because combining two obligations, two specified supererogatory prayers, or an obligation and a specified supererogatory prayer invalidates the prayer in cases not built upon overlapping, as ritual purification (ṭahārah) is.”
Third: If the two acts are absolute voluntary prayers (nawāfil muṭlaqah), or one of them is, where the texts of the Sharīʿah show that the aim of the voluntary act is to fill the time with worship, then overlapping of intentions is permissible. An example is the obligatory Dhuhr prayer together with the sunnah of greeting the mosque (taḥiyyat al-masjid). And Allah Almighty knows best.

What is the ruling on someone who is uncertain whether he omitted one of the ab‘āḍ of the prayer, such as being uncertain whether he omitted the first tashahhud?

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
The ab‘āḍ include the middle tashahhud and the qunūt in Fajr prayer — for which sujūd as-sahw (the prostration of forgetfulness) is prescribed if left out. Whoever is uncertain, during the prayer, whether he omitted one of these elements, should proceed on the assumption that he did not perform it, and should perform sujūd as-sahw accordingly.
It is stated in ‘Umdat as-Sālik (p. 63): "If he is uncertain... whether he omitted a specific ab‘āḍ element, or whether he performed sujūd as-sahw, or whether he prayed three or four rak‘ahs — he proceeds on the assumption that he did not do it, and performs sujūd as-sahw."
The original principle (al-aṣl) for someone uncertain about [having performed] the first tashahhud is that he assumes he did not perform it. And Allah, the Exalted, knows best.

What is the ruling of Islamic Law regarding one who purchases a sacrificial animal (uḍḥiyah) and it then develops a defect before slaughter?

Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings upon our master, the Messenger of Allah.
If a defect that invalidates the sacrifice (uḍḥiyah) arises after its purchase — for example, if one purchased a sound, defect-free animal, and it then developed a limp, blindness in one eye, or a similar defect before slaughter — it does not fulfill the requirement of a valid uḍḥiyah, according to the Shāfi'ī school.
It is stated in Asnā al-Maṭālib fī Sharḥ Rawḍ al-Ṭālib (Vol.1/P.535): "Even if the limp develops [in the animal] while the knife is upon it, it still does not fulfill the requirement, because it is lame at the moment of slaughter — this is analogous to a case where a sheep's leg breaks and one hastens to slaughter it [in that condition]."
The Ḥanbalī school, however, held that if the one offering the sacrifice purchased the animal while it was sound and defect-free, and a defect then befell it afterward, the sacrifice remains valid and there is no obligation to replace it.
It is stated in Masā'il al-Imām Aḥmad, one of the Ḥanbalī reference works (Vol.8/P.4021): "I said: If a person purchases the sacrificial animal while it is sound, and it is then afflicted with illness, blindness in one eye, or a broken limb [before slaughter]? He [Imam Aḥmad] said: It is said that it still fulfills the requirement. Isḥāq said likewise, because he purchased it while sound, and the defect befell it only afterward, so it remains sufficient on his behalf." [End of quote]
Accordingly, a sheep afflicted with a defect that invalidates the sacrifice does not fulfill the requirement of a valid uḍḥiyah — whether the defect arose after purchase or during the slaughter itself — according to the Shāfi'ī school. However, there is no objection to following the Ḥanbalī position on this matter [as a valid alternative]. And Allah, the Most High, knows best.

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