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Resolutions of Iftaa' Board

Resolution No.(172)"Ruling on the Religion of Minors whose Father Has Reverted to Islam"

Date Added : 27-10-2015

Resolution  No.(172) (4/2012) by The Board of Iftaa`, Research and Islamic Studies:
"Ruling on the Religion of Minors whose Father Has Reverted to Islam"

Date: (25/6/1433  A.H); (17/5/2012  A.D)

 

All praise is due to Allah, peace and blessings be upon Prophet Mohammad and upon his family and companions:

The Board of Iftaa`, Research and Islamic Studies reviewed, in its third session held on Thursday (25/Jumada al-Akhirah/1433 A.H); corresponding to(17/5/2012 A.D), the question sent by the Bureau of Civil Status, and reads as follows:
Would you kindly clarify the ruling of Islamic Sharia and any other details concerning the repercussions of a father`s proclaiming Islam on his children: minors, adults, and those born after he had embraced Islam?
After careful study and deliberation, the Board decided what follows:
Once the father embraces Islam, his children who haven`t reached puberty follow him in faith  as well. This is according to the consensus of Muslims scholars, jurists, and the verdicts of the Muslim Judges throughout the different stages of the Islamic history. They have established this ruling on the following verse: “And those who believe and whose families follow them in Faith,- to them shall We join their families. “{At-tur/21}. Joining their families to them in The Hereafter is an evidence on joining  their families to their faith in the Life of this world. This is  why the interpreters said regarding  the meaning of this verse; “Their families follow them in faith.”
Embracing Islam by the father is one of the most solid means of proving that his children follow his faith as Al-Shirbini( May Allah bless his soul) said: “ Judging that a child is a Muslim is based on two aspects: one of them-the strongest- is by birth, so if one of his/her parents is a Muslim ,then he/she is a Muslim by consensus of the Muslim scholars and in order to give preference to the Islamic faith.’{ Moghni Al-Mohtajj(3/606),the quotation has been slightly changed}. As for the adult, he/she remains on his/her faith until he/she chooses to embrace Islam voluntarily, if they don`t, then they aren`t considered Muslims. 
Based on the aforementioned, embracing Islam by the father indicates that his underage children follow his faith, and the same goes for the ones born after the father had embraced Islam. However, it is impermissible for the minor to revert to his mother`s faith in case she didn`t embrace Islam. And Allah knows best.

Chairman of the Iftaa` Board, The Grand Mufti of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, His Grace Sheikh Abdulkareem Al-Khasawneh.
Vice Head of the Iftaa`Board, Prof. Ahmad Helayel
His Excellency, Prof. Abdulsalam Al-Abbadi/ Member
Prof. Abduln`nassir Abu Al Bass`al/ Member
His Eminence, Sheikh Sa`ied Hijjawi/ Member
Pro. Mohammad Al-Qhodat/ Member
Dr. Yahia Al-Botoosh/ Member
     Dr. Wasif Al-Bakhri
Dr. Mohammad Al-Khalayleh/ Member
Dr. Mohammad Khair Al-Essa/ Member
Dr.Mohammad Al-Zou`bi/ Member
 

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Summarized Fatawaa

What is the ruling on making up the regular *rawātib* (sunnah) prayers together with a missed obligatory prayer?

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master, the Messenger of Allah.
It is obligatory to make up (qaḍāʾ) a missed obligatory prayer (farḍ). As for the timed supererogatory prayers (al-sunan al-muʾaqqatah) or the regular rawātib prayers, it is recommended (mandūb) to make them up, even if a long time has passed. Ibn Ḥajar (may Allah have mercy on him) said in his Fatāwā: "It is established in our school that it is sunnah to make up the timed voluntary prayers, by night or by day, even if congregation is not prescribed for them, whether much time has passed or little."
Accordingly, it is recommended to make up the sunan together with the obligatory prayer. And Allah Almighty knows best.
________________________________________
Note on terminology: Al-nawāfil al-muʾaqqatah (timed voluntary prayers) refers to supererogatory prayers tied to a specific time or cause, such as the rawātib (regular prayers before and after the obligatory ones), Duha, and the like. The ruling given here reflects the Shāfiʿī position.

How many rak‘ahs are there in Tarawih prayer?

The most complete form of Tarawih prayer consists of twenty rak‘ahs, excluding Shaf‘ and Witr. This is the opinion of the majority of scholars, both past and present, and it is the practiced tradition in the two Holy Mosques.
However, Tarawih is valid with any even number of rak‘ahs, even two rak‘ahs, as long as it is performed with the intention of Qiyam al-Ramadan.

What are the valid excuses for abstaining from congregational prayer in the mosque?

 
Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our Master, the Messenger of Allah.
 
Concessions (Rukhsah) are granted to abstain from congregational prayer in the mosque due to general excuses, such as: rain that causes hardship in going out, strong winds at night, heavy mud that cannot be traversed without the risk of soiling oneself, hot winds, and extreme heat or cold. There are also specific individual excuses, such as: illness that makes walking as difficult as walking in the rain, severe drowsiness, evident hunger or thirst, the suppression of bodily wastes (urine, stool, or gas), and fear for one's life, limb, physical faculty, wealth, or honor, among other valid excuses. And Allah the Exalted knows best.

Does using a respiratory device (oxygen) affect the validity of fasting?

Using an oxygen device does not affect the validity of fasting because oxygen is a gas with no physical substance.
However, if medicinal substances with physical particles are added to the oxygen, its use would break the fast, as it enters the body cavity through a natural passage.

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