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From the Prophet's Guidance in the Last Ten Days of Ramadan
Author : Dr. Mohammad Al-Zou`bi
Date Added : 06-08-2025

 

From the Prophet's Guidance in the Last Ten Days of Ramadan

 

Allah the Almighty has honored us with a great month in which souls are purified and hearts ascend. We draw closer to Allah the Almighty through many types of acts of obedience and worship to attain the highest ranks and win Paradise.

In the last ten days, blessings are abundant, gifts are magnified, good deeds are multiplied, graces descend, and mistakes are forgiven. How much we need, in light of these ten days and before their departure, to perfect our devotion to Allah the Almighty, to make up for days of negligence, and to compensate for what we have missed. May Allah have mercy on the one who said:

O heedless one, while the nights of fasting have passed, Your sins have increased; stand at the door and weep for them. Repent, so you might attain acceptance; perhaps The soul, with piety, may reach its hopes.

The Prophet (peace be upon him) used to distinguish the last ten days of Ramadan with specific actions, including:

1. Standing in Night Prayer

When the last ten days would begin, the Prophet (peace be upon him) would stay up all night, awaken his family, and tighten his garment (agreed upon). This is because the night prayer is the custom of the righteous, the trade of the believers, and the action of the winners.

The weepers for the Most Merciful cried at night, And spent their nights prostrating, never tiring. The earth's patches, longing for them, Long to have them prostrate upon them again.

One of the pious predecessors had a servant who used to pray at night. His master said to him: "Your standing at night affects your work during the day, so get some sleep." The servant replied: "What can I do, my master?! When I remember Paradise, my longing for it grows long, and when I remember the Hellfire, my fear of it grows long. How can I sleep while I am between a fear that disturbs me and a longing that worries me?"

Moreover, Al-Fudayl ibn Iyad took the hand of Al-Hasan ibn Ziyad and said to him: "O Hasan, Allah descends to the lowest heaven and says: 'He who claims to love Me has lied, if he sleeps away from Me when the night falls.'"

2. Seeking Laylat al-Qadr (the Night of Decree)

The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Search for Laylat al-Qadr in the last ten nights of Ramadan" (agreed upon). It is a blessed night, the crown of all nights, full of blessings and precious hours. A little work on this night is like a lot, confirming the words of Allah the Almighty {which mean}: "The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months} [Al-Qadr/3]. Great numbers of angels and the Spirit (Jibril) descend from the heavens to witness this night: "The angels and the Spirit descend therein by permission of their Lord for every matter." [Al-Qadr/4]. He who stands in worship during it has his sins forgiven if he purifies his intention for Allah the Almighty. The Chosen One (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever stands for Laylat al-Qadr with faith and hope for reward, his past sins will be forgiven" (agreed upon). On this night, gates of paradise are opened, and supplications are heard. Aisha, the Mother of the Believers (may Allah be pleased with her), said: "I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, if I know which night is Laylat al-Qadr, what should I say?' He said: 'Say: O Allah, You are a Pardoner who loves to pardon, so pardon me'" (Narrated by Ahmad).

So, be keen, O servant of Allah, that this night is in the balance of your good deeds:

O suitor of the Hoor in her chamber, And seeker of that which is according to her value, Arise with diligence; do not be lazy, And strive against the self in its patience. Stand when the night's face appears, And fast during the day; for that is part of her dowry.

3. I'tikaf (Spiritual Retreat)

This is the act of staying in the mosque for worship, emptying the heart for contemplation, reflection, and devotion to Allah the Almighty. Be sure to spend these moments in obedience to Allah, in His remembrance, and in the recitation of His verses, just as the predecessors of this Ummah used to do:

So resemble them if you cannot be like them, For resembling the noble is a path to success.

The prize is in these noble days; there is no substitute for them and no price. Whoever is granted freedom from the Hellfire in these days has won the great reward and the immense gift. O you whose Master has freed you from the Fire, beware of returning to the bondage of sins after you have become free. And say, O servant of Allah:

O eye, be generous with tears of sorrow, For the parting of nights of light. For nights of the month of fasting were not made, Except to purify sins and burdens. How wonderful we were when we were all together, Some of us praying, some devout, and some reciting. So weep for what has passed in the month, and seize What remains, my brothers, of the blessing of your lives.

It is narrated that Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) used to call out on the last night of Ramadan: "O, I wish I knew who is accepted so I may congratulate him, and who is deprived so I may console him?!"

We ask Allah the Magnificent, the Lord of the Noble Throne, to free our necks and the necks of our fathers, mothers, and children from the Fire, and not to deprive us of the reward of Laylat al-Qadr. Indeed, He is near, All-Hearing, and the Answerer of prayers.

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Summarized Fatawaa

What is the ruling on swearing an oath by the Prophet ﷺ, and does such an oath take effect according to Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, requiring expiation upon its breach?

All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our master the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
Swearing an oath by a created being is disliked (makrūh) in our Shāfiʿī school. Shaykh al-Islām Imām al-Nawawī, may Allah have mercy upon him, states: "Swearing by a created being is disliked — such as swearing by the Prophet, the Kaʿbah, Jibrīl, the Companions, or the Prophet's family. Al-Shāfiʿī, may Allah have mercy upon him, said: 'I fear that swearing by other than Allah the Almighty may constitute an act of disobedience.' The scholars of the school explained this to mean: that is, something forbidden and sinful — indicating that he had some hesitation in the matter. Al-Imām stated: the established position of the school is that it is categorically not forbidden, but rather disliked. Furthermore, whoever swears by a created being, his oath does not take effect and no expiation (kaffārah) is required if he breaks it." [Rawḍat al-Ṭālibīn wa ʿUmdat al-Muftīn, Vol. 11/P.6]
According to the Ḥanbalī school, however, expiation becomes obligatory upon one who swears by our master the Prophet ﷺ and then breaks his oath. Imām al-Bahūtī al-Ḥanbalī, may Allah have mercy upon him, states: "No expiation is required for swearing by other than Allah the Almighty, even if the oath is broken — because expiation was made obligatory for swearing by Allah and His attributes, out of reverence for His names, and nothing else is equal to Him in this regard... except in the case of swearing by our Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ, for expiation becomes obligatory when one swears by him and then breaks the oath. This was explicitly stated in the narration of Abū Ṭālib, because he is one of the two conditions of the two testimonies of faith by which a disbeliever becomes a Muslim. Ibn ʿAqīl held the view that swearing by any of the other prophets, peace and blessings be upon them all, carries the same ruling." [Sharḥ Muntahā al-Irādāt, Vol. 3/P.441]. And Allah the Almighty knows best.

What is the ruling on one who vows to fast a specific or non-specific year? Are the two Eids, the days of Tashreeq, Ramadan, and the days of menstruation and postnatal bleeding included in them? And do these days break the consecutiveness if it was intended?

Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our Master, the Messenger of Allah.
 
If someone makes a vow (Nadr) to fast a specific, designated year, this vow does not include the days of Eid, the days of Tashreeq (the three days following Eid al-Adha), Ramadan, or the days of menstruation (Hayd) and postnatal bleeding (Nifas). Furthermore, there is no requirement to make up (Qada) these specific days.
 
However, if someone vows to fast a year that is not specifically designated (i.e., any twelve-month period) and stipulates that the fasting must be consecutive, they are bound by that condition. They must not fast on the days of Eid, during Ramadan, or during menstruation, but they are required to make up these days afterward—with the exception of the days of menstruation and postnatal bleeding, which do not need to be made up.
 
It is stated in Hashiyat al-Bajuri ‘ala Sharh Ibn Qasim ({Vol.2/P.606): 'If one vows to fast a specific year, the Eid, Tashreeq, Ramadan, and days of menstruation or postnatal bleeding are not included. This is because Ramadan does not accept any fast other than its own, and the others do not accept fasting at all. Therefore, they do not enter into the vow, and no makeup is required for them because they are legally excluded—contrary to Al-Rafi’i regarding menstruation and postnatal bleeding.
 
If one vows to fast a non-designated year: if they stipulated consecutiveness (Tatuabu’) in their vow, they must fulfill it; otherwise, they are not bound to it. Consecutiveness is not broken by the days that do not enter into the specific year vow (Eid, Tashreeq, Ramadan, menstruation, and postnatal bleeding). However, one must make up the days missed—excluding the time of menstruation and postnatal bleeding—immediately following the end of the year. As for the time of menstruation and postnatal bleeding, it is not made up, contrary to Ibn al-Rif’ah, who argued that it must be made up just like Ramadan.' And Allah the Exalted knows best.

What is the amount of food to be given to a needy person for fidyah and kaffarah?

The amount of food to be given to a needy person is 600 grams of wheat or rice.
According to the Hanafi school, it is permissible to give the monetary equivalent instead, and this is the ruling issued by the General Iftaa` Department.

What is the ruling of Islamic Law on participating in the prize draws (raffles) that commercial stores hold for their customers?

Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings upon our master, the Messenger of Allah.
There is no objection to participating in the prize draws (raffles) that commercial stores hold for their customers, provided that the buyer's intention in purchasing is not merely to enter the competition without any need for what is bought — rather, the purchase must be genuinely intended for the item itself, and one must not pay more than the item's fair market price. This is because paying an amount above the market price would effectively be paying a fee to enter the prize draw, which would render it a form of gambling (qimār).
These prizes are, in essence, gifts that businesses offer through a random drawing (qur'ah) to those who purchase from them, as a means of encouraging sales, without the customer bearing any additional monetary cost for participation. So long as the aforementioned conditions are met, there is no objection to benefiting from the prize offered by the store, as it is considered a lawful prize from the viewpoint of Islamic Law.
It is stated in the resolutions of the "Jordanian Iftaa' Board" (Resolution No. 47), in the context of outlining the conditions for permissible prizes: "The price of the ticket [or item purchased] for the sake of the prize must not exceed its original price, so that there is no payment of money in exchange for participation in the draw." And Allah, the Most High, knows best.