Is it permissible for one who sacrifices on behalf of another, with the latter's permission, to eat from the sacrifice?
Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our Master, the Messenger of Allah.
It is permissible for one who sacrifices on behalf of another with his permission to eat from the sacrifice with his permission, and he takes his place in distributing its meat.
It is stated in Hashiyat al-Jamal 'ala Sharh al-Minhaj (Vol.5/P.262): 'If a person sacrifices on behalf of a living individual with his permission, does he take the place of that individual in distributing the meat, because permission for the sacrifice implies permission for distribution, or does it depend on explicit permission? There is room for consideration, but the former view is not far-fetched.' And Allah Almighty knows best."
What is the ruling on insulin injections?
Insulin injections do not break the fast because they are administered under the skin and do not reach the body cavity (jauf).
Does the clipping of nails nullify ablution?
No, it does not, and it is preferable to wash the hands afterwards.
Does touching women temporarily forbidden in marriage nullify ablution?
It is prohibited to touch, or to shake hands with such women as they are considered strangers, and doing so nullifies ablution.