Two partners were engaged in a muḍārabah partnership. They used to pay zakāh as though their arrangement were a shirkat al-‘inān partnership, mistakenly believing this to be correct. Thus, they would pay zakāh on the cash, merchandise, and debts in their possession, and they continued doing so for twenty years. Later, the working partner (muḍārib) realized that zakāh was not actually due from him in that manner, since in a muḍārabah he only pays zakāh after the profits are liquidated and distributed. Then the capital owner passed away. Does the muḍārib have the right to reclaim from the deceased partner the zakāh he paid on his behalf during those years? Is the deceased capital owner cleared from liability before Allah? If not, are the heirs required to clear it on his behalf?