What`s the ruling on using the following materials in manufacturing cosmetics: olive oil, Vaseline, talc powder, glycerin, honey, almond oil, pine oil, galingale and marjoram?

All perfect praise be to Allah, The Lord of The Worlds, and may His peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Mohammad and upon all his family and companions.

None of the above materials is forbidden, and it`s lawful to use them in manufacturing products that are beneficial to people. This is because, in principle, all things are lawful so long as there is no evidence in Sharia indicating otherwise. And Allah Knows Best.

Is it permissible to pay the Fitr Zakah(obligatory charity) of Ramadhaan on behalf of a dead person?

The Fitr Zakah of Ramadhaan isn`t due on one who had passed away before the sunset of the last day of Ramadhaan.

What is the semi-circular structure abutting the Holy Kabah?

It is the Black Stone of the Holy Kabah, and one should pass from behind it while offering Tawaf(circumambulation) because it is part of the Kabah.

Is it permissible for one to give the Zakah(obligatory charity) to his indebted brother?

It is permissible for one to give the Zakah to his indebted , or poor brother.