Articles

Development of the Islamic Economics
Author : Dr. Safwan Odaybat
Date Added : 02-02-2023

Development of the Islamic Economics

 

As a science, Islamic Economics witnessed an accelerating dynamic development in the second half of the twentieth century. Al-Azhar University was the first to include Islamic Economics as an independent scientific course in 1961, followed by King Abdulaziz University in 1964, and Omdurman University in Sudan in 1966 (Al-Wajiz in Islamic Economics by Dr. Mohammed Shawqi Al-Finjri, pp.5-7, and Contemporary Financial Transactions in Islamic Fiqh by Dr. Mohammed Osman Shabir, pp.257).

 

One of the recommendations of the seventh Muslim Scholars Conference held in Cairo in 1972 was the necessity of teaching the course, Islamic Economics, in all universities of the Muslim world. This recommendation constituted the first nucleus for the establishment of Islamic Economics Departments and the emergence of institutes specializing in Islamic Economics and Banking. This is especially after the First World Conference on Islamic Economics held in Mecca in 1976. (Al-Wajiz by Al-Finjri, pp.5-7).

 

The experience of the Islamic banks developed following the development of the Islamic Economics. The first experience of the Islamic Bank was (Meteghumar Experience in Upper Egypt) in 1963, which was established as a local savings bank operating under the provisions of Islamic Shari 'a (Zero-Interest Banks by Ahmed Abdel Aziz Al-Najjar, pp.67).

 

The Islamic Development Bank (IDB) and Dubai Islamic Bank (DIB) were established in 1975. Moreover, in 1977, three Islamic banks were established: Faisal Islamic Bank of Sudan, Faisal Islamic Bank of Egypt, Kuwait Finance House, Jordan Islamic Bank in 1978, and Islamic International Arab Bank in 1998.

 

After this long journey of giving and innovation and according to the latest global economic reports, Islamic banking-as part of the Islamic Economics-has achieved world records. Among the key findings of the Global Islamic Economy Reality Report of 2018 produced by Thomson Reuters in cooperation with Dinar Standard:

 

1. The size of the Islamic finance sector in 2017 was $2.438 billion, and is expected to reach $3.809 billion in 2023, with a growth rate of 7.7%.

 

2. The volume of significant investments in the Islamic economy- disclosed in private equity or venture capital funds for the years (2015-2018)-reaches $745 million.

 

3. A major trade movement in the Islamic economy lifestyle products with imports of up to $271.8 billion and exports of up to $210.5 billion. This is according to the Islamic countries data in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) for the year 2017.

 

4. The size of the 2017 Islamic economy market reaches $2.107 billion and is expected to reach $3.007 billion in 2023.

 

5. The funding available for investment in the OIC countries reaches $4.9 trillion.

 

6. Islamic financing is undergoing change since digital banking and financial technology are in full swing in this sector reaching $12.6 million available for Islamic Fintech.

 

These recent results indicate the significant and continuous development in the finance and investment sector in various areas of the Islamic economy, including Islamic banks. This indicates the accelerated global trend towards the Islamic economy and the Islamic exchange in particular. Iran takes center stage in terms of Islamic finance market assets amounting to $578 billion; followed by Saudi Arabia then Malaysia. At the same time, we find a growing interest in the Islamic economy by European countries, America and East Asia. For example, Britain is establishing an Islamic Fintech Committee to take the lead position in this field in 2017. In France, Islamic transactions are taught in addition to introducing the specialization-Islamic Economics and Islamic Banks-in dozens of international universities in Europe, America and other countries.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Summarized Fatawaa

Is It Permissible to Divorce One's Wife for not Praying

All perfect praise be to Allah the Lord of the Worlds. May His peace and blessings be upon Prophet Mohammad and upon all his family and companions.
You should do your best to save her from hellfire by making her observe daily prayers on their prescribed times, even if this means giving her a generous incentive. However, if she insisted on her position, then it is permissible for you to divorce her. And Allah The Almighty Knows Best.

Sometimes I receive a message containing a picture of someone desecrating the Noble Quran. The sender asks recipients to send that message to their contacts as an act of defending the Quran. What should I do when receiving such messages?

Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds.

You don`t have to circulate that message, because this isn`t the proper way to defend the Quran. And Allah The Almighty Knows Best.

Is a woman`s voice 'Awrah even when praising the Prophet (PBUH) via satellite channels?

Praise be to Allah the Lord of the Worlds. May His peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Mohammad and upon all his family and companions.
 
The Sharia term 'Awrah has two meanings:-
First: `Awrah that invalidates prayer when uncovered, and in this sense a woman`s voice isn`t considered `awrah. Second: `Awrah that causes men to be tempted by women and vice versa. Moreover, if a woman`s voice is soft or alluring, then it is forbidden for her to speak deliberately before strange men. This is because Almighty Allah Says (What means): "O ye wives of the Prophet! Ye are not like any other women. If ye keep your duty (to Allah), then be not soft of speech, lest he in whose heart is a disease aspire (to you), but utter customary speech." [Al-Ahzab/32]. However, a man should avoid listening whatever incites his desires. And Allah The Almighty Knows Best.

Some people eat raw lamb live. Is this permissible or not?

Praise be to Allah the Lord of the Worlds. May His peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Mohammad and upon all his family and companions.
There is no harm in eating raw lamb liver since this is permissible according to Sharia. And Allah The Almighty Knows Best.