What should one who forgot to offer the second Sajda during congregational prayer, and remembered it before the end of the prayer do?
All perfect praise be to Allah, The Lord of The Worlds. Whoever forgets a pillar of prayer while in congregation must follow the lead of the Imam, and after the latter offers Tasleem, he should offer one Rakah, then perform Sujood As-Sahw (prostration of forgetfulness). And Allah Knows Best.
After I had prayed, I found a drop of menstrual blood and was unsure when that happened; what is the ruling on my prayer and fast?
All praise is due to Allah, peace and blessing be upon the Messenger of Allah.
Your prayer and fast are correct ,and you should not make up for them, and we ask Allah, The Almighty, to duely reward you for these acts of worship. Your menses start once you see blood because the situation remains as such unless there is certainty or predominant conjecture, as per the Fiqh maxim: "Certainty is not removed by doubt". And Allah Knows Best.
A person is sponsoring an orphan and pays the sponsorship monthly. Is it permissible to pay this month's sponsorship from zakat money?
It is permissible to pay the orphan's sponsorship from zakat money if the orphan is poor and has no one to support them. The person must intend to count it as part of their zakat when paying the money. And Allah Knows Best.
Is it forbidden for a woman to dye her hair?
Praise be to Allah the Lord of the Worlds. May His peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Mohammad and upon all his family and companions.
It is permissible for a woman to dye her hair with other than black; however, the dye shouldn`t prevent water from reaching the roots of the hair. And Allah The Almighty Knows Best.